Clarke, Chief of Special Branch of the Military Intelligence Service at that time. The VENONA Project was initiated on February 1, 1943, by Gene Grabeel, an American mathematician and cryptanalyst, under orders from Colonel Carter W. Commencement Gene Grabeel, the first cryptanalyst of the Venona project Most academics and historians have established that most of the individuals mentioned in the Venona decrypts were probably either clandestine assets and/or contacts of Soviet intelligence agents, and very few argue that many of those people probably had no malicious intentions and committed no crimes. To what extent the various individuals referred to in the messages were involved with Soviet intelligence is a topic of minor historical dispute. The analyst effort assigned to it was moved to more important projects. This effort continued (many times at a low level of effort in the latter years) through 1980, when the Venona program was terminated. These messages were slowly and gradually decrypted beginning in 1946. Sometime in 1945, the existence of the Venona program was revealed to the Soviet Union by cryptologist-analyst Bill Weisband, an NKVD agent in the US Army's SIGINT. Most decipherable messages were transmitted and intercepted between 19, during World War II, when the Soviet Union was an ally of the US. These included the Julius and Ethel Rosenberg spying case (which was based on events during World War II) and the defections of Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess to the Soviet Union. Truman, these programs were of importance concerning crucial events of the early Cold War. Although unknown to the public, and even to Presidents Franklin D. Some of the decoded Soviet messages were not declassified and published by the United States until 1995.ĭuring World War II and the early years of the Cold War, the Venona project was a source of information on Soviet intelligence-gathering directed at the Western military powers. The Venona project remained secret for more than 15 years after it concluded. Some of the espionage was undertaken to support the Soviet atomic bomb project. The signals intelligence yield included discovery of the Cambridge Five espionage ring in the United Kingdom and Soviet espionage of the Manhattan Project in the US (known as Project Enormous). Initiated when the Soviet Union was an ally of the US, the program continued during the Cold War, when the Soviet Union was considered an enemy.ĭuring the 37-year duration of the Venona project, the Signal Intelligence Service decrypted and translated approximately 3,000 messages. It was intended to decrypt messages transmitted by the intelligence agencies of the Soviet Union (e.g. The Venona project was a United States counterintelligence program initiated during World War II by the United States Army's Signal Intelligence Service and later absorbed by the National Security Agency (NSA), that ran from February 1, 1943, until October 1, 1980. For the place in Roman Britain, see Venonae.
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